Anti PZP polyclonal antibodyPregnancy Zone protein is a 1,482 amino acid secreted protein that belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 family and exists as multiple alternatively spliced isoforms. Expressed predominately in plasma and in late-pregnancy sera, Pregnancy Zone protein functions as a disulfide-linked homotetramer that is able to trap and inhibit proteinases, thus playing a role in the regulation of protein splitting and small peptide formation. The gene encoding Pregnancy Zone protein maps to human chromosome 12, which encodes over 1,100 genes and comprises approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Chromosome 12 is associated with a variety of diseases and afflictions, including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis, Kniest dysplasia, Noonan syndrome and Trisomy 12p, which causes facial developmental defects and seizure disorders.

Anti GAD65 polyclonal antibodyGAD2, also named as GAD65, belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. GAD2 catalyzes the production of GABA. It is responsible for the synthesis of the essential neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from L-glutamic acid. GAD2 is expressed in nervous and endocrine systems and are thought to be involved in synaptic transmission and insulin secretion. Autoantibodies against GAD2 may serve as markers for type I diabetes. Many individuals suffering from an adult onset disorder known as Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) also express autoantibodies to GAD2. The antibody is specific to GAD2.

Anti TLR10 polyclonal antibodyThe protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is most highly expressed in lymphoid tissues such as spleen, lymph node, thymus, and tonsil. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene.

Anti PDL1 polyclonal antibody Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274, or B7-H1), is the first member of B7 family to be discovered. B7 family molecules are type I transmembrane proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In concert with their CD28 family receptors, the B7s are key regulators of the adaptive immune response. PD-L1 is suggested as a negative regulator of T and B cell, and plays important role in mediating tolerance of lymphocytes to self-antigens. It is also involved in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and production of IL10 and IFNG, in an IL2-dependent and a PD-1-independent manner. PD-L1 is a 290 aa transmembrane protein with a calculated molecular weight of 33 kDa, it is predicted to be 27-30 kDa after signal peptide cleavage (PMID: 25609200,17076679). The apparent molecular weight has also been reported as 45-70 kDa, major glycosylated form of 45-50 kDa and multiple post-translational modifications form of 65-70 kDa (PMID:

Anti HDAC10 polyclonal antibodyThe enzymes responsible for the reversible acetylation/ deacetylation process of histones are histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. HATs act as transcriptional coactivators and HDACs are part of transcriptional corepressor complexes. Mammalian HDACs can be divided into three classes according to sequence homology. Class I consists of the yeast Rpd3 like proteins HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8. Class II consists of the yeast Hda1 like proteins HDAC10, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC9, and HDAC10. Class III comprises the yeast Sir2 like proteins. Whereas class I HDACs are ubiquitously expressed, most class II HDACs are tissue specific. HDAC10 is similar to HDAC6, both containing a unique putative second catalytic domain not found in other HDACs. However, this domain is not functional in HDAC10. The deacetylase activity of class II HDACs is regulated by subcellular localization. HDAC10 was localized to both the nucleus a

Anti CD1c polyclonal antibodyThis gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene is broadly distributed throughout the endocytic system via a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been observed, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Anti CD16b polyclonal antibodyCD16 is a 50-70-kDa low affinity Fc receptor found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages. CD16 mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as phagocytosis. CD16 has been identified as Fc receptors FcγRIIIa (CD16a) and FcγRIIIb (CD16b), encoded by two nearly identical genes, FCGR3A and the FCGR3B.

Anti NEU1 polyclonal antibodyNEU1 (lysosomal sialidase) encodes a kind of lysosomal enzyme that could cleave terminal silic acids from glycoproteins or glycolipids to regulate various biological processes by conformational change (PMID:28130415). In the lysosome, NEU1 is one member of a heterotrimeric complex, the others are beta-galactosidase and cathepsin A. The NEU1 is widely expressed in mammalian tissues and involved in lysosomal storage disorder sialidosis, autoimmune diseases and the malignancy and metastasis of cancer cells (PMID:19075514). NUE1 also expresses on the plasma membrane where it modulates several signalling molecules about inflamation, exocytosis, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and proliferation (PMID:21928149). Addition, it is reported that mutation in NEU1 of human could lead to sialidosis (PMID:14517945).

Anti SUMO2 polyclonal antibodyUbiquitin is most famous for its function in targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, ubiquitin needs to be attached to a substrate in chains (polyubiquitylation) before being recognized by proteasome. Similarly, SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) can be linked to substrates in chains (polysumoylation), SUMO modification has been implicated in many important cellular processes including the control of genome stability, signal transduction, targeting to and formation of nuclear compartments, cell cycle and meiosis. There are 4 confirmed SUMO isoforms in human, SUMO-1, SUMO-2, SUMO-3 and SUMO-4. SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are nearly identical but are distinct from SUMO-1. SUMO2/3 conjugation was recently widely involved in neuroprotective activities. A substitution (M55V) of SUMO4 was strongly associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involving NF kappa B related mechanisms.

Anti TMEM173 polyclonal antibodyTMEM173, also named as ERIS, MITA, STING and MPYS, is a facilitator of innate immune signaling that promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). TMEM173 mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. There’re monomer (35-40 kDa)(PMID: 27324217,29632140;30918080) and dimer (80 kDa) form of TMEM173 in western blot test.